Gender and sex in the development and progression of renal diseases

Sex-based disparities in nephrology have been a historically understudied area. In nephrology, gender differences exist with regard to the epidemiology, evolution and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). some cases, these run contrary general population trends. We discuss such sex disparities, including differing impact traditional novel risk factors, as well hormonal all them potentially influencing propensity, progression biochemical psychological aspects CKD. The factors involved this disparity may include diet, glomerular size, hemodynamics, direct effects hormones. rate many renal diseases is affected by sex. polycystic disease, membranous nephropathy, immunoglobulin A “chronic unknown etiology”, men progress at faster end-stage failure than women do. many, but not all, animal models estrogens slow rate. Animal experimental studies tried offer further mechanistic explanations for progression. It has suggested that dimorphism CKD represent interaction circulating steroids specific receptors. Endogenous considered anti-fibrotic anti-apoptotic on kidney. On other hand, decline function attributed pro-apoptotic pro-fibrotic properties androgens.